The Swallow, Swift and House Martin are beautiful, agile
birds that are similar. There are, however, individual features that tell them
apart.
Swallows, swifts, and house martins are all summer visitors
migrating to and from southern Africa.
In the United Kingdom it is possible to
observe these birds, usually in flight, and to hear them trilling and calling
to each other.
Traditionally the return of the swallows has always been
associated with the coming of Spring.
Because these three birds are alike, they
are often mistaken for each other. However, with practise and careful
observation it is possible to distinguish between them fairly easily.
Some Interesting
Facts About the House Martin
- House martins are often mistaken for swallows
- House martins are known to be attracted to hot air balloons
and can soar above the rising current of warm air.
- The Latin name for this breed is Delichon urbica.
- House martins lay their eggs between May and August, laying,
on average, 4 eggs.
- These birds build their nests under the eaves of houses.
- House martins have a blue-black upper body with a metallic
sheen to their feathers.
Some Interesting
Facts About the Swallow
- Swallows are thought, by some communities, to bring good
luck. This is why farmers do not destroy their nests and birds can re-use them
for many years.
- The scientific name for swallows is Hirundo rustica.
- Swallows are agile flyer's and seldom seen near the ground.
- Unlike swifts and house martins, the swallow has a deeply
forked tail which can measure 8cm in length.
- Swallows also have a beautiful red throat.
- Fewer swallows are coming to the UK than ever before, but
the reason for this is unknown.
- You can often see swallows perching on wires, especially
around migration time, when they gather in flocks.
Some Interesting
Facts About the Swift
- Swifts are often seen chasing each other around in the sky.
- This bird has a unique "crescent" or
"boomerang" shape when in flight, which is more pronounced than in
swallows and house martins.
- Breeding is the only time swifts stop flying - they even eat
in flight by catching insects and sleep in the air.
- The swift population in the UK has decreased over recent
years.
- Swifts build their nests on an almost vertical surface using
their saliva as a "glue".
- The Latin name for this breed is Apus apus.
Spend some time looking at the skies
to see if you can spot the differences between the Swallow, House martin and
Swift!
If you look carefully you should be able to see the nests of at least
one of these birds.
However my specific interest for the past 15 years has been
studying the Swift for the British Society Ornithologists (BSO).
The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds.
They are superficially similar to swallows, but are not closely related to
passerine species at all; swifts are in the separate order of Apodiformes, which
they share with hummingbirds.
The resemblances between swifts and swallows are due to
convergent evolution, reflecting similar life styles based on catching insects
in flight.
Swifts are a larger species and are amongst the fastest fliers
in the animal kingdom, having been reported flying at up to 169 km/h and
cruising at 5 to 14 metres per second (18–50 km/h, 11–31 mph).
In a single year the common swift can cover at least 200,000
km.
The taxonomy of the Swift is widely debated and in general
complicated, with genus and species boundaries widely disputed.
Analysis of behaviour and vocalisations is complicated by
common parallel evolution, while analyses of different morphological traits and
of various DNA sequences have yielded equivocal and partly contradictory results.
All these things make this bird one of my personal favourite
species on earth, to watch, listen to and study.
Apart from biological developmental interest of this bird,
why is it relevant and important NOW?.
Well; findings show that the number of swifts breeding in
Britain has declined considerably over the last 15 years.
Much of this decline is caused by the loss of
nesting sites due to building repairs or even simple re-pointing of brickwork,
which means that swifts can no longer access traditional sites.
Gathering information about where swifts are nesting makes it easier to preserve this bird. Existing nest places can be
reinstated, new ones designed and built into eaves. Swift nest boxes can also be installed.
Without knowing nesting information and location, they will continue to be lost and so will the
birds.
During 2011 in a regional part of Britain there had been 130
‘Swift buildings’ identified
containing several hundred nests.
The network consists of about 30 people who have Swifts
nesting in their property, or who look out for Swifts and their nests, and send
in records.
Many councils have since been contacted and with the help
other conservation organisations funding has been granted to provide churches
with appropriate nesting boxes and council owned property to keep in mind that
these birds use the buildings when it comes to repairs and
redesign.
The future is bright for these magnificent birds if we can
all take the time to listen, look and observe.
15 years ago I was studying 30 pairs of nesting swifts.
2005
it was down by half.
2009 I was observing six pairs of whom I believed to be the offspring from year before.
We installed nest boxes…
2012 I am now observing 12 pairs of
birds.
Whether these birds are birds which had originally moved on
from the area as nesting places had declined and have now returned is yet to be
confirmed.
But it is an interesting outcome and positive outlook for the
species IF we can work together.
If you hear or see these birds in your property please contact
your local conservation group, ranger service or council as they can put you
in contact with people who can advise the best way to preserve these birds for
years to come.
G.
.jpg)
